Ahoj Čtyři koruny, Rád jsem přečetl nékolik tvých vzkazů. Jmenuju se René a bydlím v Floridě, US. Už pet let se ucím česky, ale moje čeština ještě není velmi dobrá. Napsal jsem tento krátký vzkaz, abych mohl praktikovat napsanou češtinu. Řekla jsi, že počasí v Třebici je zájimavé. To známená, že ono je moc nepředvídatelný, že ano? Měj se hezky ================ Hi Four crowns, I have read some of your messages very gladly. My name is Rene and I live in Florida, US. I have been learning Czech for five years, but my Czech is not yet very good. I wrote this short message in Czech in order to practice written Czech. You said that the weather in Třebice is interesting. That means that it is very unpredictable, doesn't it? Take care, Rene - z Floridy
Ahoj Rene! Těšim je.. ale nevím jaké je tvoje jmeno v vocativ! hí hí Myslím že ´´Jsem v Třebiče´´ je locativ a Třebič je nominativ ale nepamatuju! Páty je tak těský! Ale mluviš moc hezky! Mislím že je moc těský když nemaš žadny lidi kterí s mluvit nebo ptat otasky.** Ano počasi je moc nepředvídatelné, v čtvrtek bylo bouřke* ale v sobotu bylo moc fajn, jela jsem do Brna a kupovala jsem knihy a krasný orangovy boty. řikala jsem "moc se mi líbi... ehhhhh.. I will take them...´´ Bylo moc legrační... a pravda je pro mě čistlo je moc těšký, a proto nesnašim koupovat. Budš letět do česky rebublicky? Je moc hezký a už mluviš český tak že bude jednoduché! Hello Rene! Pleased to meet you, but I don't know what your name is in the vocative! hee hee (how do czech people write this?) I think that ´Jsem v Třebiče´´ is the locative of Třebič in the nominative, but I don't remember, cases are so hard! But you speak so well! I think it's (it must be) very hard when you don't have any people with whom to talk or ask questions. Yes the weather is very unpredictable. On Thursday there was a thunderstorm but on Saturday it was very fine and I went to Brno and bought books and beautiful orange shoes. I said (to the shop assistant) "I like them very much... ehhhh.. I'll take them" It was very funny. The truth is for me numbers are very hard and therefore I hate shopping. Will you fly to the Czech Republic? It's very nice and you speak Czech so it will be easy * jsme měli? ** i had no idea how to approach the grammar of that sentence sorry. I'd like to apologize for my spelling, I rely on an inbuilt spell checker in English and I don't have one in Czech! But I think in Czech spelling mistakes are more important because with the exception of I and Y usually when I make a mistake it's because of my bad pronunciation. It would be really cool if some native speakers (or more advanced learners!) could give us a hand with our mistakes, I haven't noticed Rene making any myself but I know I certainly must be! and join in the conversation!
Ahoj Čtyři koruny! Také já nevím jaký je vocativ mého jména. Myslím, že máš pravdu. Udělal jsem chybu, když jsem napsal "v Třebici" Nedávno jsem cestoval do Prahy na(?) čtyři dny(?). (I am trying to say "for 4 days"). To bylo moc zajímavé a měl jsem možnost mluvit trochu česky. V hotelu jsem se dival na televizi, ale rozuměl jsem jen málo. Proč je tvůj alias "Čtyři koruny" - proč ne "Pět korun" nebo "Deset korun"? Tak. Na shledanou! Rene ----------------------------------- Hi Four Crowns! I don't know what is the vocative of mine name. I think you are right: I made a mistake when I wrote "v Třebici" I recently travelled to Prague for four days. It was very interesting and I had the opportunity to speak a little Czech. At the hotel I watched TV but I understood only very little. Why is your user name "Four Crowns" - why not "Five Crowns" or "Ten Crowns"? So. See ya! Rene
René z Třebíče! (but René v Třebíči) René je francouzské křestní jméno. Protože se vymyká české morfologii, skloňuje se jako přídavné jméno, ale může být i nesklonné. René, Reného, Renému, Reného, René!, o Reném, s Reném ale na svatého René (indecl.) It is a real nut to decline René in plural. The same for the female form Renée. Luckily Renée is pretty rare here, and I know only Renée Z (the Hollywood star).
Díky za vysvětlení! Ale René není v Třebíči a on není z Třebíče (to je Čtyři koruny v Třebiči) Zatím ahoj, René z Floridy (v Floridě)
Sorry, nestrefil ses. Florida, Havaj, Aljaška a Rhode Island jsou jediné státy v USA, které vyžadují předložku na: na Floridě, na Havaji, na Aljašce, na Rhode Islandu (asi proto, že se jedná o ostrovy a poloostrovy).
Why do NOT we say: "Na Kalifornii, na Velké Británii, na Irsku" then ;-)? Maybe just exception from another exception .
Well, you wouldn't really say "na Kalifornii" because California is neither an island (ostrov) or a peninsula (poloostrov), right? :wink: As far as Great Britain and Ireland: do you say "ve Velké Británii, v Irsku" or "na Velké Británii, na Irsku"?
We say: ve Velké Británii, v Irsku, v Řecku, v Grónsku, v Itálii, v Koreji.... and, of course, v Austrálii. These islands and paeninsulas are rather big or even divided into several countries (like Great Britain, Pyrenées...). Alaska is rather exception (v Aljašce is possible but rare). Small islands need the preposition na: na Islandě, na Novém Zélandě, na Kypru, na Taiwanu, na Krétě, na Madagaskaru, na Maltě, ... v Nové Kaledonii is more common than na Nové Kaledonii v Antarktidě = na Antarktidě
In the picture we can see Baja California which is indeed a paeninsula. But it is not the case of the (Upper) California in the USA. BTW, the Upper California is somedeal more important for the global economy than the Baja California.
Alexxu, Zapomněl jsem Nízkou Kalifornii (co se vídí ve fotce) 8) Does any one know what is the correct way: v Nízké Kalifornii or na Nízké Kalifornii Also, I noticed that in Czech usually the second name is not Capitalized (what is correct: Nízká Kalifornia or Nízká kalifornia)?
Baja California is usually translated as "Dolní Kalifornie" The second name is not capitalised in cases only, where it si not a name, but a general notion e.g. Václavské náměstí (Venceslas Square). Square is not a name, Kalifornie is. To the original question - in my opinion both versions are acceptable - v (zemi) Dolní Kalifornii, na (poloostrově) Dolní Kalifornii.
In Czech, we use “horní” (=upper=up-river) and “dolní” (=lower=down-river) when speaking of Upper and Lower country. As for the California, we use “Kalifornie” (v Kalifornii) for the US state and “Kalifornský poloostrov” (na K. poloostrově) for the peninsula. Rarely, “Kalifornie” is used also for the peninsula, in such a case it is correct to say “na Kalifornii”. The Mexican states are barely mentioned in Czech. In Czech, only the first word of a proper name is capitalized. The other words are capitalized if and only if they are proper names on their own. “Kalifornie” is a proper name on its own, thus “Dolní Kalifornie” is the correct name. “Poloostrov” is a generic name for any peninsula, thus “Kalifornský poloostrov” is the correct form. The word “hora” in “Bílá hora” is generic name and thus refers to a hill/mountain of that name. In “Bílá Hora” there it functions as a proper name. This means that the hill is known to local people under the name “Hora” or, more likely, that it is not a hill at all (It is a quarter of Prague). Sometimes, it could be tricky to differentiate the proper and generic names, so there are some rules for the sake of simplicity: 1) all names in town names are treated as proper names 2) in street names, the names after the initial preposition are treated as proper names (this rule is relatively new and not generally accepted) Some more examples of capitalization: Kutná Hora (a town; Hora can not be a generic name for a town, and in addition, everything is proper name for the towns). Lysá hora (a hill of that name) Svatá Hora (church areal; Hora is not generic name for a church areal) Bavorsko (a German state; proper name) bavorský stát (generic name) stát Bavorsko (stát - generic; Bavorsko - proper) Svobodný stát Bavorsko (the official name of Bavaria; “stát” is still generic). Spojené království Velké Británie a Severního Irska (“Británie”, “Velká Británie”, “Irsko”, “Severní Irsko” and “Spojené království” are proper names, “království” is generic name, “a” is not name at all)
I think the correct English terms are: appellative vs. proper name/noun. Only the first appellative/adjective/preposition is capitalized. The proper names are always capitalized. Karlův most, Česká republika, Spojené státy americké, Svaz sovětských socialistických republik, Československá lidová armáda, but Armáda České republiky Nový York, Spolková republika Německo The important exception from this rule is another rule: the appellatives (not prepositions) in the names of cities/villages are always capitalized. Nové Město pod Smrkem, Králův Dvůr, Hradec Králové
Karel, wer, bibax: Thanks for the great explanations and examples! Of course, with the exception of: Netherlands - Nizozemí, Nizozemsko
Nizozemí is not lower, it is low. That is not attribute of the country, but its defining quality. If you want a real “exception”, have a look at the names of mountains. There we use “malý/velký” or “nízký/vysoký”.
"Czech Step By Step" řika: Jsem v Praze na týden. I am staying in Prague for a week Jedu do Prahy na týden. I'm going to Prague for a week. Přijedu do Prahy za týden. I'll come to Prague in a week. tak že myslím že maš pravdu. v Třebiči! Děkuju moc Bibax. Jsem rad že hodně lidi je tady ted´. A bylo hodně zajímavé informace. Myslím že starý český filmy má moc komplikovanou čestinu. Ale moderní americký a britský filmy který jsou prekládala (třeba: "Hele, ty vole, kde mám auto?") jsou moc jednoduchý, není hovorový, a mužu rozumět. Jsem "Čtyři koruny" protože tohle frazé bylo moc těské pro mě. Nemohl napsát Čtyři a nemohl si vzpomínat koruny A ty? Proč jseš rsalc1? In Czech Step by Step it says... Blah blah blah So I think that you're right. v Třebiči! Thanks so much Bilbax! I'm glad that there are many people here now. There was lots of interesting information. I think that old Czech films have very complicated Czech, but modern american and British films which are dubbed (for example: Dude, where's my car!?) are very simple and not colloquial (in their declension and pronunciation) and I can understand them. I am Four Crowns because that phrase was very difficult for me, I couldn't spell four and I couldn't remember that it was crowns
