Dny tydne

Discussion in 'General Language' started by scrimshaw, Jan 24, 2009.

  1. scrimshaw

    scrimshaw Well-Known Member

    I am curious about the origin of the names for czech days of the week.
    Ours comes through old english, and those forms were based on roman gods and old germanic, and viking mythology.

    Sunday...day of the sun
    Monday...day of the moon
    Tuesday....Tyr's day...norse mythology..god of combat
    Wednesday...Wodan's(or Odin's) day...highest god in norse mythology
    Thursday....Thor's day...norse god of thunder
    Friday....Frige's day...germanic goddess of beauty
    Saturday..day of saturn....roman god

    Wednesday....one of those words pronounced completely different from the spelling.....could more usefully be spelled....windsday...day of the wind:wink:
     
  2. eso

    eso Well-Known Member

    Some my guesses:

    středa - střed týdne
    čtvrtek - čtvrtý den
    pátek - pátý den

    neděle - nedělá se (nepracuje se)
     
  3. Karel_lerak

    Karel_lerak Well-Known Member

    Pondělí - den po neděli - the day after "Neděle"
    Úterý - den vtorý - old slavic - the second day (after sunday)
    Středa - the middle day (of the week)
    Čtvrtek - čtvrtý den - the fourth day (of the week)
    Pátek - pátek - pátý den - the fifth day
    Sobota - international (jewish)
    Neděle - nedělat - to not work = free (nonworking) day

    Similar ethymology in other slavic languages

    Curiously enough - the hungarian days of week,
    some of them derived from the slavic ones:

    hétfö - hét fö = the head of the week
    kedd - ??
    szerda = středa
    csütörtök = čtvrtek
    péntek = pátek
    szombat = sobota
    vasárnap - vasár nap = the market day
     
  4. wer

    wer Well-Known Member

    The ancient week started on Sunday (neděle from ne-dílo = no work).

    Any other day was called “pondělí” (from po neděli = after Sunday).

    The individual pondělí’s were counted, hence Monday was “first pondělí”, Tuesday was “second pondělí” (not second day!) and so on.

    Later, “first” was ommited for Monday and “pondělí” was ommited for the other days.

    The name for Wednesday was corrupted by a calque from German, hence original meaning “third” was shifted to “middle”.

    The name for Saturday was replaced with a loanword from Hebrew (most likely via Latin or Greek).
     
  5. Karel_lerak

    Karel_lerak Well-Known Member

    Just for comparison:
    Czech
    Pondělí
    Úterý
    Středa
    Čtvrtek
    Pátek
    Sobota
    Neděle

    Slovak
    Pondelok
    Útorok
    Streda
    Štvrtok
    Piatok
    Sobota
    Nedeľa

    Polish
    Poniedziałek
    Wtorek
    Środa
    Czwartek
    Piątek
    Sobota
    Niedziela

    Russian
    понедельник
    вторник
    среда
    четверг
    пятница
    суббота
    воскресение

    Serbocroatian
    ponedjeljak
    utorak
    srijeda
    četvrtak
    petak, petkom
    subota, subotu
    blagdanskoga, dan odmora, nedjelja

    Slovene
    ponedeljek
    torek
    sreda
    četrtek
    petek
    sobota
    nedelja

    Bulgarian
    понеделник
    вторник
    сряда
    четвъртък
    петък
    събота
    неделя
     
  6. scrimshaw

    scrimshaw Well-Known Member

    And these...spanish

    Domingo.....root latin...dominus...day of god...God's day
    lunes
    martes
    miercoles
    jueves
    viernes
    sabado

    Neděle a všechny ostantí jsou ponděle.
    Má dokonalý smysl.
     
  7. Sova

    Sova Well-Known Member

    Since it has been hinted at, but not explicitly said, "sobota" (and the other Slavic variants for Saturday) come from the Latin/Greek/Hebrew (in that order) for "Sabbath." The Russian "воскресение" (Sunday) means "resurrection."
     
  8. scrimshaw

    scrimshaw Well-Known Member

    Aha, Sova, that is the final key to the puzzle.
    So now I know.
     
  9. Karel_lerak

    Karel_lerak Well-Known Member

    The days here start from Sunday

    Spanish
    domingo
    lunes
    martes
    miércoles
    jueves
    viernes
    sábado

    Swedish
    söndag
    måndag
    tisdag
    onsdag
    torsdag
    fredag
    lördag

    Greek
    κυριακή
    δευτέρα
    τρίτη
    τετάρτη
    πέμπτη
    παρασκευή
    σάββατο

    at least the days from tuesday to wednesday are derived from sequential numbers and, again, the Saturday "international/jewish"

    Turkish
    pazar
    pazartesi
    salı
    çarşamba
    perşembe
    cuma
    cumartesi

    No idea here 8)


    Arabic

    الاحد
    الاثنين
    الثلاثاء
    الاربعاء
    الخميس
    الجمعة
    السبت

    Chinese
    周日
    周一
    周二
    周三
    周四
    周五
    周六

    again numbering 8)
     
  10. Alena

    Alena Well-Known Member

    Japanese:
    日曜日 日=sun
    月曜日 月=moon
    火曜日 火=fire
    水曜日 水=water
    木曜日 木=tree
    金曜日 金=metal, money
    土曜日 土=earth, soil
     
  11. Karel_lerak

    Karel_lerak Well-Known Member

    Albanian
    diel
    hënë
    martë
    mërkurë
    enjte
    premte
    shtunë

    Roumanian
    duminică
    luni
    marţi
    miercuri
    joi
    vineri
    sîmbătă

    Hindí
    इतवार
    चन्द्रवार
    भौमवार
    बुधवार
    गुरूवार
    शुक्र
    शनिवार

    Latvian
    svētdiena
    pirmdiena
    otrdiena
    trešdiena
    ceturtdiena
    piektdiena
    sestdiena

    numbering again 8)

    Lithuanian
    sekmadienis
    pirmadienis
    antradienis
    trečiadienis
    ketvirtadienis
    penktadienis
    šeštadienis

    "jak by smet" (the same 8))

    Finnish
    sunnuntai
    maanantai
    tiistai
    keskiviikko
    torstai
    perjantai
    lauantai

    Estonian
    pühapäev holy day
    esmaspäev first day
    teisipäev second day
    kolmapäev third day
    neljapäev fourth day
    reede
    laupäev
     
  12. bibax

    bibax Well-Known Member

    κυριακή = dominica (dies) = Lord's day (not God's day) = den Páně

    κύριος /kyrios/ = dominus = lord = pán

    Known from the expression Kyrie, eleison! = Lord, have mercy! = Krleš!.

    In Late Latin the days of the week were dedicated to the planets:

    Dies Solis (day of the Sun) which became Dies Dominica (Lord's day)
    Dies Lunae (day of the Moon)
    Dies Martis (day of Mars)
    Dies Mercuri (day of Mercury)
    Dies Iovis (day of Jupiter)
    Dies Veneris (day of Venus)
    Dies Saturni (day of Saturn)

    N.B. The ancient Romans had no seven-day weeks!
     
  13. rsalc1

    rsalc1 Well-Known Member

     
  14. Ctyri koruny

    Ctyri koruny Well-Known Member

    Slightly related: Can I ask where the names of the Slovak months come from? Well I mean obviously they seem to come from German, but I'm wondering why they don't have their own set of names like the Czech calendar does.

    And the Czech month names: Were they invented during the revival or were they taken from other languages or were they always part of Czech?

    The difference between Czech and Slovak here suggests to me that they were consciously adapted.
     
  15. Karel_lerak

    Karel_lerak Well-Known Member

    Some information about czech month names. Another one

    And about roman names 8)
     
  16. Eleshar

    Eleshar Well-Known Member

    hindi
    hatavára - no idea
    ćandravára - day of Ćandra (a lunar deity... indeed, it is monday)
    bhaumavára - seems to me as "the earth day" (sanskrit "bhumí" = "earth")
    budhavára - day of Buddha (strangely it is woithout the gemination but I attribute it to simplification from the sanskrit etymon)
    guruvára - day of teacher (sanskrit "guruh" = "teacher")
    śukra - day of the Pure One (sanskrit "śukrah" = "clear, pure"; deity identified with planet Venus which corresponds to the Romance/Latin names)
    śanivára - day of Śani (Śani is a deity identified with planet Saturn; and yes, it is Saturday)

    finnish
    those, containing -tai are borrowings from ancient Germanic words ("tai" coming from "dai" which itself comes from "dag"... an etymon for English "day" and German "tag")

    Sunnuntai - Sunday, Sonntag
    Maanantai - Monday, Montag
    Tiistai - Tuesday, Dienstag
    Keskiviiko - keski = middle; viiko = week (Germanic borrowing)
    Torstai - Thursday,
    Perjantai - Friday, Freitag (it seems Finnish did not have F in those times so they rendered the name "Freya" as "Perja")
    Lauantai - Water day ("laguz" means in Germanic "water"); it has no cognates in English or German but the Skandinavian languages still call the day Laurdag/Lördag or similarly, in Germanic it had to be something like "Laugazdagz")
     

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